Optical fiber
Optical fibers are extremely compact, high-purity glass filaments. The thickness of a fiber is similar to that of a human hair. Manufactured at high temperatures using silicon, their production process is computer-controlled to ensure a uniform refractive index in their core, which guides the light wave and prevents distortion. Installation requires qualified personnel to avoid cable twisting and incorrect fiber optic connections.
Optical fibers do not conduct electrical signals, making them ideal for incorporation into cables without any conductive components and allowing their use in hazardous high-voltage environments. They can withstand high potential differences without any additional protective circuitry, and short circuits are not a problem. Their high bandwidth allows for increased transmission capacity, reducing the cost per channel and resulting in significant savings compared to copper cables.
A six-fiber cable can carry the signal of more than five thousand channels or main lines, whereas 10.000 pairs of conventional copper cable are required to serve the same number of users, with the disadvantage that the latter medium occupies a large space in the conduits and requires large volumes of material, which also raises costs.
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